Ethnic Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnic Studies - Essay Example What's more, presently isn't unique in relation to the past, America, notwithstanding of her assets and great life to its kin confronted innumerable issues with respect to race, ethnicity and fluctuated culture of its migrants and the purported local white Americans. These among others are consistently gotten a subject of warmed discussions and contentions from researchers, lawmakers and for each Tom, Dick and Harry. This article will look at the hypotheses and contentions introduced by Patrick J. Buchanan's book entitled The Death of the West. So also, the exposition will likewise talk about chosen significant law and laws with respect to the Ethnic Population in the United States of America. Buchanan's The Death of the West essentially examines movement of various individuals to the United States. The creator gave his speculations and contentions with respect to the convergence vagrants from different pieces of the world and how these transients influences the current society of the United States of America. America was once depicted as the incredible blend of the considerable number of races of Europe which correspondingly cleared the development for reconstruction. Buchanan contended that the greatest movement as of late originated from all races of Asia, Africa and Latin America to which Buchanan says are not dissolving and transforming. (Buchanan: 3) Consequently, America is confronted with a pit for ethnicity and dedication. In this line, Buchanan upheld this contention by expressing that among the US' 31 million remote conceived, a third are unlawful, several thousands are faithful to the systems which the US are at war with and some are prepared psychological militants. (Buchanan: 2) These expansion in relocation are experienced because of changing degrees of social just as lawful components and thusly, it acted like a danger of deconstructing the American country for the explanation that individuals share pretty much nothing for all intents and purpose in issues like regular hist ory, language, culture and precursors among others. What's more, all things considered, it might deliver nonconformity by virtue of ethnic and racial foundation and belief systems. Buchanan in his work brought up that because of this inundation of relocation, the United States gambled itself on an alleged culture war which a while later outcomes in disruptiveness among individuals. There are social and good issues which go up against the differed foundation of the individuals which lives one next to the other in the US. These issues may similarly be considered as Transvaluation of all qualities for the explanation that old temperances become sins and the old sins become ideals. (Buchanan: 5) These are among the reasons of Buchanan which drives him to solicit Is the Death of the West irreversible (Buchanan: 10) The work gave various information respects the decay of the number of inhabitants in the alleged Western Civilization vis- - vis the expansion in populace of the purported underdeveloped nations. The decrease in populace among these westerners brought up individuals of German, Italian, Russian, British and Japanese good, which similarly the creator viewed to as predominant races regarding suspecting and mechanical headway and even monetary increases. It very well may be surmised thusly, that the previously mentioned races has a place with the world's profoundly industrialized zones which are viewed as movers and shakers within recent memory. Such decrease in the number of inhabitants in

How to Use the Internet as a Reporting Tool

The most effective method to Use the Internet as a Reporting Tool At the danger of seeming like an old fogey, let me clarify what it resembled to be a journalist in the prior days googling was an action word. In those days, journalists were relied upon to locate their own sources and meeting them, either face to face or via telephone (recollect, before the web, we didnt even have email). What's more, on the off chance that you required foundation material for a story, you checked the papers funeral home, where cuts from past issues were kept in file organizers. Or on the other hand you counseled things like reference books. These days, obviously, that is all old history. With the snap of a mouse or a tap on a cell phone, columnists approach for all intents and purposes boundless measures of data on the web. Yet, interestingly, a significant number of the hopeful correspondents I find in my news coverage classes dont appear to realize how to fittingly utilize the web as an announcing apparatus. Here are three primary issues I see: Depending Too Heavily on Material From the Web This is presumably the most widely recognized Internet-related revealing issue I see. I require understudies in my reporting courses to create articles that are in any event 500 words, and each semester a couple submit stories that just repeat data from an assortment of sites. Be that as it may, there are at any rate two issues that emerge from this. To begin with, youre not doing any of your own unique announcing, so youre not getting significant preparing in leading meetings. Second, you risk submitting copyright infringement, the cardinal sin in news-casting. Data taken from the web ought to be a supplement to, however not a substitute for, your own unique detailing. Whenever an understudy columnist puts his byline on an article being submitted to his teacher or the understudy paper, the supposition that will be that the story depends for the most part on his own work. By turning in something that is to a great extent duplicated off the web or not ascribed appropriately, you are bamboozling yourself out of significant exercises and risking getting a F for written falsification. Utilizing the Internet Too Little At that point there are understudies who have the contrary issue - they neglect to utilize the web when it could give valuable foundation data to their accounts. Lets state an understudy journalist is doing an article about how rising gas costs are influencing suburbanites at her school. She talks with a lot of understudies, getting bunches of narrative data about how the value rise impacts them. Be that as it may, a story like this likewise shouts out for setting and foundation data. For example, what's going on in worldwide oil advertises that are causing the cost increment? What is the normal cost of gas the nation over, or in your state? That is the sort of data that can without much of a stretch be discovered on the web and would be impeccably suitable to utilize. Its commendable that this columnist is depending for the most part on her own meetings, however shes bamboozling herself by overlooking data from the web that could make her article all the more balanced. Neglecting to Properly Attribute Information Taken From the Web Regardless of whether you are utilizing on the web sources a ton or only a little, its significant you in every case appropriately trait the data you use from any site. Any information, measurements, foundation data or statements that you havent assembled yourself must be credited to the site it originated from. Luckily, theres nothing entangled about legitimate attribution. For example, in the event that you are utilizing some data taken from The New York Times, essentially compose something like, as per The New York Times, or The New York Times reported†¦ This presents another issue: Which sites are dependable enough for a journalist to utilize, and which destinations would it be a good idea for her to avoid? Luckily, Ive composed an article on that very subject, which you can discover here. The lesson of this story? The majority of any article you do ought to be founded on your own revealing and meeting. In any case, whenever you are doing a story that could be improved with foundation data on the web, at that point, definitely, utilize such data. Simply make a point to appropriately trait it.

CP8 Podcast with Wayne Citrin from JNBridge about Java and .Net Interoperability

CP8 Podcast with Wayne Citrin from JNBridge about Java and .Net Interoperability INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. This time well have a very technical entrepreneur on our site. Hi Wayne! Who are you and what do you do?Wayne: Hi Martin, thanks! My name is Wayne Citrin, I’m the co-founder and CTO of JNBridge.Martin: Cool. What is JNBridge?Wayne: JNBridge is a company that creates Java and .Net interoperability tools â€" it’s the ability to closely integrate code on both the Java and .Net sides so that developers can call .Net code from Java and can call Java code from .Net. We have three products; one is flagship â€" a general purpose Java/.Net interoperability tool called JNBridge Pro, and we also have two more funereal-focus products, one is a Microsoft Biztalk server adaptor for JMS â€" Java Message Service , and the other is a more general purpose .Net adaptor for JMS.Martin: How did you come up with this business idea?Wayne: The answer is that, at some point, when I was looking for an idea â€" I had just finished up with another start-up that I was working with. I had a number of conversations with people that were unrelated but in several ways seem to all come together with the related idea.In the previous things that I had done, I had already done a lot of work with Java and the Java language and the enterprise Java technologies, and a friend of mine here in the University of Colorado had just come back from a faculty trip to Microsoft Research and suggested that I might be interested in looking into this new .Net platform that they demonstrated â€" this was around the summer of 2001 when .Net was brand new. A little later, another friend who had a start-up of his own asked me whether his enterprise Java beans would work with .Net. This got me into wondering whether or not there was a viable market for interoperability between the two technologies.Martin: And Wayne, what is your background that prepared you for this kind of opportunity?Wayne: Before I became an entrepreneur, I was an academic. I did a Computer Science major at Cornel Univer sity and I wanted to get a PhD and develop e-expertise in the field and I wanted to be a professor. I like the idea of teaching and doing research. So I went to graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley in Computer Science and I studied programming languages and compilers and in particular, my research was on compiling and executing a language called Prolog, I don’t know if you remember this but it was a very popular language back at the time, very cool, well, it’s called logic programming. It’s still used a little bit but technology has moved on.In any case, there was not a big start up culture there at the time â€" which was the early 1980s, what start-up culture there was, was mostly concerned with hardware, this was the beginning of the PC revolution. Some students went to work for companies like Sun, you know, PhD students at Berkeley like Bill Joy, others went to work for Apple. But there wasn’t a big start-up culture â€" software start-up culture alt hough I did work for my adviser’s start-up for a while. It was in his garage, with other grad students and I worked on the software for a special processor that he was designing that was suited for running Prolog. The customer, I believe, was Westinghouse and I think they wanted to put these Prolog processors on submarines which was kind of interesting.But at one point, my adviser had to tell us grad students â€" let them go from the start-up. The University decided that it was a conflict of interest that we could either be his advisees or we could be a start-up enterprise but not both. I really wonder whether this could be an issue today â€" clearly start-up culture wasn’t the focus at the time but it is now. After the received the PhD, I did a post-doc at IBM’s research laboratory in Zurich, in programming languages and compilations and also network and visualization which were all lot of the focus of the research groups of the lab at the time. Then I got interested in that, I eventually took a faculty position here in the University of Colorado in Boulder and continued the research on programming languages and compilers and the focus was on visual programming languages â€" graphical ones, it’s a continuation of the work that I was doing at IBM.After a while, I learned that my passion was really developing software and there was not a lot of opportunity to do that as a faculty member â€" there was too many other calls on your time: teaching, advising, and administration, so I decided to start a company. It was 1997, the height of the first dotcom boom, and the company was called Lumeo â€" it was an early website analysis product with an emphasis on visualization and detection of usability issues. I co-founded it with my wife, who has no technical background and has experience in operations, she ran the operational side. We saw a funding and we got a term sheet but at the time, it didn’t make sense to take it. So, what we ended up doing was selling the intellectual property and we used that as the seed money for our next start-up which, you know, I think is the way that things are often done. Closing down the company was a very hard decision to make but it was definitely the right one.In the meantime, after that I worked in a number of other start-ups in the Boulder area. Boulder, by this time, had become something of a hotbed of start-ups and still is. The strengths here are storage, because IBM had a big plant that manufactured disk drives and there were a number of spin-offs from that but also software connected with IBM also but also the university and some of the other companies that are around here. I think that Boulder is â€" it is not hard finding people who want to move to Boulder, I mean, between the surroundings and the scenery and the lifestyle, it’s a strong attraction, it really is quite easy, I think, for people to come to Boulder. And right now, like I said, there’s a start-up community, there’s a venture capital community, and so there’re infrastructures there for starting growing companies.I worked with a bunch of other start-ups after we shut down Lumeo â€" sold the IP and I learned a lot about what to do and what not to do in starting a company. I worked for a company that was funded with cool technology but had no idea on how to sell it. I worked with a company that was unfunded with no technology and no customers and seeing how they could find something and essentially develop their model. I worked for a very highly funded company that had a business model that was undermined by the Dot-Com Collapse and they flailed around for Plan B and a Plan C and a Plan D, before they finally found something that stuck but they had much reduced the ambitions at that point. At that point, I decided that that company, the highly funded company ended up not doing the things that I was interested in doing so I went off and that point, like I said, it was the summer of 2001, things came toget her and we came up with the idea for JNBridge.Martin: And when you started out, how many products have you been working on? Because today, you have a product portfolio of three products but I guess in the beginning you did not start out with all of them.Wayne: We started out with one product, the flagship product â€" JNBridge Pro, which was the general purpose Java/.Net interoperability product. But it’s interesting, when we started out with it, I think one of the things that I’ve learned is you come up with the minimum viable feature set for a new product. So currently our product is very powerful but working both directions, you can call from .Net to Java, from Java to .Net. Java to .Net can be running in a same process or in different processes communicating over a network. But at the time, when we started out with was we figured that Java at the time, this is summer of 2001, was a legacy technology so it was more likely you would have existing libraries within Java, and .Net was the next technology where new development was. A scenario we saw as being most common at first would be people developing .Net code and wanting to call existing Java libraries that they already had so our product was simply supported calling from .Net to Java.Later on, in the second major release, we had a by-directional product â€" it could call from Java to .Net or actually do both in the same project, also at the time, we decided to make it a socket-based project whereas the Java and the .Net would run in separate processes and communicate through sockets even though I think we really, ultimately wanted to actually have them running the same process because it was so much faster but that was a little bit more complicated and we had to figure out how to best do that.So we got â€" with the first version, we actually got a lot of good traction with it because I think we guessed right, you know, people wanted Java to .Net or .Net to Java interoperability and they were happy with the socket-based approach. At the time, I remember we started this project, you know, I went around and I spoke to people who were doing Java and who were doing .Net, and I actually went to Microsoft and the reaction was very different from what we were seeing in developer forums â€" everybody was asking, you know, “Can I use my Java with my .Net?” and this and that. But when I went to Microsoft and at the time Microsoft had no interest really in interoperability â€" I would bump to people and they would say: “Oh, why would you want to do that? You would just throw away all your Java and replace with .Net” and I said “Yes, right.” And Microsoft actually I think changed their tune within a year or two because I think most of the market didn’t agree with them. Other people said: “Oh, Microsoft has these migration plans or you could use web services” or things like that but none of these where really good solutions because they weren’t fast enough, they weren’t f ine-grained enough. And I think what happened was the market bears this out, those solutions either faded away or they did not cover the whole market and so we were happy with the way that turned out.BUSINESS MODEL OF JNBRIDGEMartin: Wayne, let’s talk about the business model of JNBridge. When I look at the product portfolio, is your flagship product still the main revenue driver?Wayne: That’s interesting. The answer is yes, I believe it does cover the largest portion of the revenue. But the business model is actually in terms of that, had evolved over the years. For one thing when we started it was mainly project-based deals where customers would come and say: “We have a project that we were working on.” and, you know, it’s usually an internal project â€" they had some in-house library or service that they wanted to integrate. And what’s happened more and more over the years with JNBridge Pro is that OEM deals have become much more important to the business model in the sense that some of them would come and say: “We have a product that requires both Java and .Net and we want to sell this product and we want to embed JNBridge Pro technology in the product either to make it work or to expose features to our users”.For example, one of our earliest OEM deals actually was with Adobe, they’re called fusion product which is a Java-based product for the last, I believe, it’s probably almost ten years now, has had the ability to access .Net libraries from their Java-based fusion applications and what’s happening is that inside the product, there’s JNBridge technology which they’ve licensed, they’ve embedded in the product.Other customers want a product where their   end users don’t know about JNBridge Pro because it’s very deeply enough that the features aren’t exposed but if you looked deeply in the product you might see that there’s both Java and .Net and we happen to be the glue that binds them together.Martin: How is your go to market strategy changed given the change in your customer portfolio so going to more OEMs?Wayne: I think what happened was that our director of sales actually prioritized this when he found that there was more interest coming in in OEM deals that originally what we did early on, and the customers were happy with this, was that their end users wanted to use features that used our capability or technology, their end users would come to us and buy licenses just to enable those features. But managing that was a little cumbersome and we also had the issues of supporting their end users. Their end users would come to us for support and the problem was that since we didn’t understand the product that it was being embedded in, there were some confusions in making that happen and what we did was we essentially codified this and created arrangements for support where our customers will do the original support and then come to us and plus, we created attractive licensing for OEM deals. I th ink the market was there from early on but I think we probably started making it friendlier for the users and making it clearer than when this was an option.Martin: Wayne, when I’m thinking of value propositions, I’m thinking about: “Okay, what are the product or the product portfolio and associated features?”, “What is the gain that you’re delivering to the customer and what is the pain that you are relieving?” And then the next question from me is: “How do you defend this kind of value proposition against competitors? Can you explain â€" for example, to a non-technical person, what’s so hard about making a service which bridges the Java and the .Net environment?”Wayne: Well, that’s a great question. At the very simplest, if you’re not really interested in accessing really fine-grained details of the remote service or you’re not interested in high performance, you can probably get away with web services and things like that; there are infrastructures for d oing that. But if you want to do things that are very tightly integrated, that access really the entire object-oriented API â€" application programming interface, of whatever the other platform is, if you want to run the Java and the .Net in the same process. These things actually get pretty complicated. There are a lot of details in managing processes, in managing memory, their various APIs that are involved and are very specialized. And most customers, this is not their expertise, and they don’t want it to be their expertise.Our main competitor is the idea of building your own. And our customers â€" some of them actually tried this first and then came to us because they can’t get it to work as seamlessly as they want. Most of the customers, they come to us already have the pain and know that they have the pain, we don’t have to convince them of that. Because if they were able to solve the problem either through fairly simple web service or rolling their own which again would be fairly simple and limited in its capabilities, we wouldn’t see them at that point but once they’ve come to us, I think they’ve already become aware that they have this problem.Martin: What do you think? How big is the market for the problem that you are trying to solve in bridging this Java and .Net?Wayne: We’ve looked at surveys by companies like Gartner and Forester. I can’t bring the numbers up in my head or hand but I think that the notions that between 70-80% of enterprises have or 70-80% have .Net, there’s a very large overlap in terms of enterprises that have both, by far the majority of enterprises have both Java and .Net. This could happen for all sorts of reasons: it could happen because they’ve invested in a particular technology or particular proprietary library and one platform but now they want to use another platform; they may have some sort of business logic or financial package written in Java but now they want to have the front-end written in .Net because the UI, the windowing, and the tooling and the graphics are probably better and easier to code in .Net. We’ve had a lot of customers doing a lot in the financial services sector that have that problem.There are others companies that are highly divided in terms of their IT administration and different parts of the company may be centered on different technologies and they need to integrate. We have customers that face this problem because of mergers and acquisitions; they buy a company and they need to integrate their technologies. It’s a big market, I think.Martin: For these MA purposes, are you using, for example, channel partners like consulting companies?Wayne: Well, we don’t have a formalized partnership program but what happens is that we do deal with a lot of global system integrators. That’s particularly an issue with our Biztalk JMS adaptor, that a lot of projects that involved integrating with Biztalk server are done with consulting organizations. And they will essentially come to us when they have to project or they will actually put together a proposal. They will include our product in their proposal because they know it’s necessary to do the integration. But yes, we do work with a lot of integrators.Martin: Wayne, can you remember back then when you started out and you wanted to acquire the first customers? How did you attract and especially work with those first customers?Wayne: Ah, that’s great. What happened was around the time we put our alpha product made available, what we did to start was we essentially took part in developer forums where developers were asking about integration problems and essentially posted announcements that we had this new product that did this particular thing. And, you know, I think there were a lot of people who were kind of sensitive about doing advertising in forums but if you’re providing good information and being helpful and making it clear that you’re with a particular company, I think it shouldn’t be a problem. And what we did was we put those out â€" that was our initial marketing.And around January of 2002, we got our first alpha customer. So, it was actually another start-up, I think they were doing something about content management, and it’s been a while so I don’t remember exactly what their technical problem was but it was a developer at the company and I actually applaud his courage in coming to us and taking a chance on us when he had his own brand new piece of software that he was working with.   But what happened was we worked closely with him, we covered most of his technical requirements and his feedback was invaluable on what our 1.0 product was. And of course they got a very good deal from us in return for all the feedback, and in return for being able to talk about this. So that was really what happened.Like I said, I remember the first customer well, the second couple of customers showed up through the same, sort of, marketing through devel oper forums, mainly small start-ups and universities. But probably within the first year we were starting to get larger companies and at the time, particularly a financial services. There’s been some interesting questions in terms of our customer base is: a lot in financial services, quite a few in media, broadcast and television-abled companies, there had been quite a few in the oil industry and geographical information systems industry. And in all cases I ask it has to do with the particular requirements of those industries and where the legacy code happened to be written in and I think integrating a lot of that backend code which was probably in Java when you’ve created new front-ends either using ASP dot net or windows forms or things like that.Martin: Wayne, you started out with this forum marketing. At what point in time did you change your marketing channels and I assume that there was some kind of cap in terms of how many people you could acquired via these forums?Wayne: Exactly. So relatively quickly, what we did was we concentrated on web-based marketing search engine optimization and placement Google Adwords and those continued to be our main marketing. But there are other things we â€" that happened fairly quickly, early on in that first year.Another thing that happened which actually I think worked out quite well was connected with the forum-based marketing, a couple of people at Microsoft were working on interoperability issues contacted us and one of them, a guy named Simon Guess, who is no longer in Microsoft but at the time was, started creating internal interoperability, sort of, seminars. He conducted a couple of seminars at Microsoft and invited people who were working on this issue to present, that actually helped us create more awareness in the Microsoft organization. And similar things happened at Sun although it was a little bit slower. Simon also started writing a book about interoperability and published in Microsoft press and we participated in that. And again, within a year or two, Sun wrote a book too and I think some of that added a large contribution to spreading the word.Other things that we’ve done over the years: we published articles and provided briefings and interviews to journalists and analysts and created sponsored content and these definitely have contributed but I think the real way people found out about us is they type in Java/.Net integration or Java/.Net procedure calls or Java/.Net interoperability into Google, and our name comes up high in that list both on our own website and in articles that have been written about the topic.We also used to exhibit trade shows and conferences but we don’t do that anymore because, you know, I think there’s not enough bang for the buck in doing that â€" we did get some good publicity but I think at this point we have the critical mass that we can do without that.Martin: Yes, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM WAYNE CITRINMartin: Wayne, you have st arted several companies and over the, let’s say, 10-15 years, what are your major learnings that you can share with other people interested in starting a company, especially the do’s and don’ts or failures that you’ve made?Wayne: The first thing that I would want to say is that: if you can, self-fund your company, if it all possible â€" raising money can become all-consuming. It’s much better to spend the time building and selling your product. And also taking money, in some ways, make you less agile, there’s certain otherwise viable opportunities that you might want to enter or engage in and they might be too small to please the investors, in some ways if you’re not answerable to investors that actually can help in starting your company.I mean there’s this one story I remember reading that was written by Paul Gram where he talked about this company that eventually became Yahoo stores, he said that when he heard that his competitor had taken a big investment, he knew that he had won because at that point his competitor was hamstrung and really couldn’t profitably engage in the kind of opportunities that Paul Gram’s company could because the competitor had to grow faster and he tried to engage in bigger opportunities.So what happens is that if you do sell fund, it will affect the kind of company that you can become because of course, your business model can’t be too infrastructure-intensive. Clearly, you know, if you wanted to build data centers or build out consumer hardware, things like that, you may need much more of an investment but for enterprise software that like what we’re engaging in, that was not the case.Use lots of cloud services, it’s another thing that self-funding will force you to do. Everything from your email to your VPNs.Don’t do it yourself if you can help it. Also, it forces you to stay lean for a long time; you don’t ramp up your staffing ahead of revenue unlike a company that takes up VC investment.Virtual o ffices. We run on a virtual office, I think that’s actually saved us a lot on in terms of worrying about real estate and being a tenant, our company is kind of scattered in various places, we let people arrange their own work environment and that worked just fine for us. But all these essentially add up to limiting your fixed cost, so I think that, but again self-funding is probably the most important decision that we made in starting up.Another thing that I think I’ve learned is that starting a company is more than a full-time job and you need to get used to that. You think this is obvious but I met a lot of people who think they can start a company on the side while they’re doing something else to pay the bills. In my experience, this really can’t be done at least not well â€" you get distracted, you work on, you know, what’s bringing you the money, and you know, things just don’t happen with a company you really don’t start-up so.When we started out, we thought that maybe we would with JNBridge, we thought that we would do what it takes. If there was consulting, we would do that, but it turned out that once we got the opportunity to do some consulting, not necessarily related to the product we were developing, we decided to turn it down because it was too much of a distraction â€" I think that was the right decision to make.If you need to hedge your bets, I think you should try to arrange this with your life partner or your spouse can provide financial support well while the company gets off the ground but I have to admit that we did not follow that advice ourselves â€" we put all our chickens in one basket and my wife is the co-founder and betted up in non-development aspects and I think that worked because we believed in what we were doing and we really felt that there was a good â€" a much better than even better chance to succeed.I also think that you really ought to know the field you’re working in, inside out and love working on it. Yo u don’t have to give a lot of time to get your product out the door, and you can’t spend it learning too much new stuff but when you are learning, you really have to enjoy learning. And when we started developing our first product in July of 2001 and I guess the alpha was available in December of 2001, January of 2002, data by March, 1.0 by June. You really have to be in a hurry which means you have to know what you’re doing and also means you have to focus and I guess that goes back to the idea of not being able to just do this on the side or â€" it has to be your focus and what you really want to do every morning.We’ve been doing this for almost 15 years, at this point, of course, we can enjoy life more than we had but even back then I think we were having a lot of fun but were really concentrated a huge amount on getting the company started.Martin: Great. Wayne, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge.Wayne: Well, thank you Martin.Martin: Welcome. If you’re thinkin g about optimizing your code interoperability, check out JNBridge.Wayne: Thanks.THANKS FOR LISTENING! Welcome to the 8th episode of our podcast!You can download the podcast to your computer or listen to it here on the blog. Click here to subscribe in iTunes. INTRODUCTIONMartin: Hi. This time well have a very technical entrepreneur on our site. Hi Wayne! Who are you and what do you do?Wayne: Hi Martin, thanks! My name is Wayne Citrin, I’m the co-founder and CTO of JNBridge.Martin: Cool. What is JNBridge?Wayne: JNBridge is a company that creates Java and .Net interoperability tools â€" it’s the ability to closely integrate code on both the Java and .Net sides so that developers can call .Net code from Java and can call Java code from .Net. We have three products; one is flagship â€" a general purpose Java/.Net interoperability tool called JNBridge Pro, and we also have two more funereal-focus products, one is a Microsoft Biztalk server adaptor for JMS â€" Java Message Service , and the other is a more general purpose .Net adaptor for JMS.Martin: How did you come up with this business idea?Wayne: The answer is that, at some point, when I was looking for an idea â€" I had just finished up with another start-up that I was working with. I had a number of conversations with people that were unrelated but in several ways seem to all come together with the related idea.In the previous things that I had done, I had already done a lot of work with Java and the Java language and the enterprise Java technologies, and a friend of mine here in the University of Colorado had just come back from a faculty trip to Microsoft Research and suggested that I might be interested in looking into this new .Net platform that they demonstrated â€" this was around the summer of 2001 when .Net was brand new. A little later, another friend who had a start-up of his own asked me whether his enterprise Java beans would work with .Net. This got me into wondering whether or not there was a viable market for interoperability between the two technologies.Martin: And Wayne, what is your background that prepared you for this kind of opportunity?Wayne: Before I became an entrepreneur, I was an academic. I did a Computer Science major at Cornel Univer sity and I wanted to get a PhD and develop e-expertise in the field and I wanted to be a professor. I like the idea of teaching and doing research. So I went to graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley in Computer Science and I studied programming languages and compilers and in particular, my research was on compiling and executing a language called Prolog, I don’t know if you remember this but it was a very popular language back at the time, very cool, well, it’s called logic programming. It’s still used a little bit but technology has moved on.In any case, there was not a big start up culture there at the time â€" which was the early 1980s, what start-up culture there was, was mostly concerned with hardware, this was the beginning of the PC revolution. Some students went to work for companies like Sun, you know, PhD students at Berkeley like Bill Joy, others went to work for Apple. But there wasn’t a big start-up culture â€" software start-up culture alt hough I did work for my adviser’s start-up for a while. It was in his garage, with other grad students and I worked on the software for a special processor that he was designing that was suited for running Prolog. The customer, I believe, was Westinghouse and I think they wanted to put these Prolog processors on submarines which was kind of interesting.But at one point, my adviser had to tell us grad students â€" let them go from the start-up. The University decided that it was a conflict of interest that we could either be his advisees or we could be a start-up enterprise but not both. I really wonder whether this could be an issue today â€" clearly start-up culture wasn’t the focus at the time but it is now. After the received the PhD, I did a post-doc at IBM’s research laboratory in Zurich, in programming languages and compilations and also network and visualization which were all lot of the focus of the research groups of the lab at the time. Then I got interested in that, I eventually took a faculty position here in the University of Colorado in Boulder and continued the research on programming languages and compilers and the focus was on visual programming languages â€" graphical ones, it’s a continuation of the work that I was doing at IBM.After a while, I learned that my passion was really developing software and there was not a lot of opportunity to do that as a faculty member â€" there was too many other calls on your time: teaching, advising, and administration, so I decided to start a company. It was 1997, the height of the first dotcom boom, and the company was called Lumeo â€" it was an early website analysis product with an emphasis on visualization and detection of usability issues. I co-founded it with my wife, who has no technical background and has experience in operations, she ran the operational side. We saw a funding and we got a term sheet but at the time, it didn’t make sense to take it. So, what we ended up doing was selling the intellectual property and we used that as the seed money for our next start-up which, you know, I think is the way that things are often done. Closing down the company was a very hard decision to make but it was definitely the right one.In the meantime, after that I worked in a number of other start-ups in the Boulder area. Boulder, by this time, had become something of a hotbed of start-ups and still is. The strengths here are storage, because IBM had a big plant that manufactured disk drives and there were a number of spin-offs from that but also software connected with IBM also but also the university and some of the other companies that are around here. I think that Boulder is â€" it is not hard finding people who want to move to Boulder, I mean, between the surroundings and the scenery and the lifestyle, it’s a strong attraction, it really is quite easy, I think, for people to come to Boulder. And right now, like I said, there’s a start-up community, there’s a venture capital community, and so there’re infrastructures there for starting growing companies.I worked with a bunch of other start-ups after we shut down Lumeo â€" sold the IP and I learned a lot about what to do and what not to do in starting a company. I worked for a company that was funded with cool technology but had no idea on how to sell it. I worked with a company that was unfunded with no technology and no customers and seeing how they could find something and essentially develop their model. I worked for a very highly funded company that had a business model that was undermined by the Dot-Com Collapse and they flailed around for Plan B and a Plan C and a Plan D, before they finally found something that stuck but they had much reduced the ambitions at that point. At that point, I decided that that company, the highly funded company ended up not doing the things that I was interested in doing so I went off and that point, like I said, it was the summer of 2001, things came toget her and we came up with the idea for JNBridge.Martin: And when you started out, how many products have you been working on? Because today, you have a product portfolio of three products but I guess in the beginning you did not start out with all of them.Wayne: We started out with one product, the flagship product â€" JNBridge Pro, which was the general purpose Java/.Net interoperability product. But it’s interesting, when we started out with it, I think one of the things that I’ve learned is you come up with the minimum viable feature set for a new product. So currently our product is very powerful but working both directions, you can call from .Net to Java, from Java to .Net. Java to .Net can be running in a same process or in different processes communicating over a network. But at the time, when we started out with was we figured that Java at the time, this is summer of 2001, was a legacy technology so it was more likely you would have existing libraries within Java, and .Net was the next technology where new development was. A scenario we saw as being most common at first would be people developing .Net code and wanting to call existing Java libraries that they already had so our product was simply supported calling from .Net to Java.Later on, in the second major release, we had a by-directional product â€" it could call from Java to .Net or actually do both in the same project, also at the time, we decided to make it a socket-based project whereas the Java and the .Net would run in separate processes and communicate through sockets even though I think we really, ultimately wanted to actually have them running the same process because it was so much faster but that was a little bit more complicated and we had to figure out how to best do that.So we got â€" with the first version, we actually got a lot of good traction with it because I think we guessed right, you know, people wanted Java to .Net or .Net to Java interoperability and they were happy with the socket-based approach. At the time, I remember we started this project, you know, I went around and I spoke to people who were doing Java and who were doing .Net, and I actually went to Microsoft and the reaction was very different from what we were seeing in developer forums â€" everybody was asking, you know, “Can I use my Java with my .Net?” and this and that. But when I went to Microsoft and at the time Microsoft had no interest really in interoperability â€" I would bump to people and they would say: “Oh, why would you want to do that? You would just throw away all your Java and replace with .Net” and I said “Yes, right.” And Microsoft actually I think changed their tune within a year or two because I think most of the market didn’t agree with them. Other people said: “Oh, Microsoft has these migration plans or you could use web services” or things like that but none of these where really good solutions because they weren’t fast enough, they weren’t f ine-grained enough. And I think what happened was the market bears this out, those solutions either faded away or they did not cover the whole market and so we were happy with the way that turned out.BUSINESS MODEL OF JNBRIDGEMartin: Wayne, let’s talk about the business model of JNBridge. When I look at the product portfolio, is your flagship product still the main revenue driver?Wayne: That’s interesting. The answer is yes, I believe it does cover the largest portion of the revenue. But the business model is actually in terms of that, had evolved over the years. For one thing when we started it was mainly project-based deals where customers would come and say: “We have a project that we were working on.” and, you know, it’s usually an internal project â€" they had some in-house library or service that they wanted to integrate. And what’s happened more and more over the years with JNBridge Pro is that OEM deals have become much more important to the business model in the sense that some of them would come and say: “We have a product that requires both Java and .Net and we want to sell this product and we want to embed JNBridge Pro technology in the product either to make it work or to expose features to our users”.For example, one of our earliest OEM deals actually was with Adobe, they’re called fusion product which is a Java-based product for the last, I believe, it’s probably almost ten years now, has had the ability to access .Net libraries from their Java-based fusion applications and what’s happening is that inside the product, there’s JNBridge technology which they’ve licensed, they’ve embedded in the product.Other customers want a product where their   end users don’t know about JNBridge Pro because it’s very deeply enough that the features aren’t exposed but if you looked deeply in the product you might see that there’s both Java and .Net and we happen to be the glue that binds them together.Martin: How is your go to market strategy changed given the change in your customer portfolio so going to more OEMs?Wayne: I think what happened was that our director of sales actually prioritized this when he found that there was more interest coming in in OEM deals that originally what we did early on, and the customers were happy with this, was that their end users wanted to use features that used our capability or technology, their end users would come to us and buy licenses just to enable those features. But managing that was a little cumbersome and we also had the issues of supporting their end users. Their end users would come to us for support and the problem was that since we didn’t understand the product that it was being embedded in, there were some confusions in making that happen and what we did was we essentially codified this and created arrangements for support where our customers will do the original support and then come to us and plus, we created attractive licensing for OEM deals. I th ink the market was there from early on but I think we probably started making it friendlier for the users and making it clearer than when this was an option.Martin: Wayne, when I’m thinking of value propositions, I’m thinking about: “Okay, what are the product or the product portfolio and associated features?”, “What is the gain that you’re delivering to the customer and what is the pain that you are relieving?” And then the next question from me is: “How do you defend this kind of value proposition against competitors? Can you explain â€" for example, to a non-technical person, what’s so hard about making a service which bridges the Java and the .Net environment?”Wayne: Well, that’s a great question. At the very simplest, if you’re not really interested in accessing really fine-grained details of the remote service or you’re not interested in high performance, you can probably get away with web services and things like that; there are infrastructures for d oing that. But if you want to do things that are very tightly integrated, that access really the entire object-oriented API â€" application programming interface, of whatever the other platform is, if you want to run the Java and the .Net in the same process. These things actually get pretty complicated. There are a lot of details in managing processes, in managing memory, their various APIs that are involved and are very specialized. And most customers, this is not their expertise, and they don’t want it to be their expertise.Our main competitor is the idea of building your own. And our customers â€" some of them actually tried this first and then came to us because they can’t get it to work as seamlessly as they want. Most of the customers, they come to us already have the pain and know that they have the pain, we don’t have to convince them of that. Because if they were able to solve the problem either through fairly simple web service or rolling their own which again would be fairly simple and limited in its capabilities, we wouldn’t see them at that point but once they’ve come to us, I think they’ve already become aware that they have this problem.Martin: What do you think? How big is the market for the problem that you are trying to solve in bridging this Java and .Net?Wayne: We’ve looked at surveys by companies like Gartner and Forester. I can’t bring the numbers up in my head or hand but I think that the notions that between 70-80% of enterprises have or 70-80% have .Net, there’s a very large overlap in terms of enterprises that have both, by far the majority of enterprises have both Java and .Net. This could happen for all sorts of reasons: it could happen because they’ve invested in a particular technology or particular proprietary library and one platform but now they want to use another platform; they may have some sort of business logic or financial package written in Java but now they want to have the front-end written in .Net because the UI, the windowing, and the tooling and the graphics are probably better and easier to code in .Net. We’ve had a lot of customers doing a lot in the financial services sector that have that problem.There are others companies that are highly divided in terms of their IT administration and different parts of the company may be centered on different technologies and they need to integrate. We have customers that face this problem because of mergers and acquisitions; they buy a company and they need to integrate their technologies. It’s a big market, I think.Martin: For these MA purposes, are you using, for example, channel partners like consulting companies?Wayne: Well, we don’t have a formalized partnership program but what happens is that we do deal with a lot of global system integrators. That’s particularly an issue with our Biztalk JMS adaptor, that a lot of projects that involved integrating with Biztalk server are done with consulting organizations. And they will essentially come to us when they have to project or they will actually put together a proposal. They will include our product in their proposal because they know it’s necessary to do the integration. But yes, we do work with a lot of integrators.Martin: Wayne, can you remember back then when you started out and you wanted to acquire the first customers? How did you attract and especially work with those first customers?Wayne: Ah, that’s great. What happened was around the time we put our alpha product made available, what we did to start was we essentially took part in developer forums where developers were asking about integration problems and essentially posted announcements that we had this new product that did this particular thing. And, you know, I think there were a lot of people who were kind of sensitive about doing advertising in forums but if you’re providing good information and being helpful and making it clear that you’re with a particular company, I think it shouldn’t be a problem. And what we did was we put those out â€" that was our initial marketing.And around January of 2002, we got our first alpha customer. So, it was actually another start-up, I think they were doing something about content management, and it’s been a while so I don’t remember exactly what their technical problem was but it was a developer at the company and I actually applaud his courage in coming to us and taking a chance on us when he had his own brand new piece of software that he was working with.   But what happened was we worked closely with him, we covered most of his technical requirements and his feedback was invaluable on what our 1.0 product was. And of course they got a very good deal from us in return for all the feedback, and in return for being able to talk about this. So that was really what happened.Like I said, I remember the first customer well, the second couple of customers showed up through the same, sort of, marketing through devel oper forums, mainly small start-ups and universities. But probably within the first year we were starting to get larger companies and at the time, particularly a financial services. There’s been some interesting questions in terms of our customer base is: a lot in financial services, quite a few in media, broadcast and television-abled companies, there had been quite a few in the oil industry and geographical information systems industry. And in all cases I ask it has to do with the particular requirements of those industries and where the legacy code happened to be written in and I think integrating a lot of that backend code which was probably in Java when you’ve created new front-ends either using ASP dot net or windows forms or things like that.Martin: Wayne, you started out with this forum marketing. At what point in time did you change your marketing channels and I assume that there was some kind of cap in terms of how many people you could acquired via these forums?Wayne: Exactly. So relatively quickly, what we did was we concentrated on web-based marketing search engine optimization and placement Google Adwords and those continued to be our main marketing. But there are other things we â€" that happened fairly quickly, early on in that first year.Another thing that happened which actually I think worked out quite well was connected with the forum-based marketing, a couple of people at Microsoft were working on interoperability issues contacted us and one of them, a guy named Simon Guess, who is no longer in Microsoft but at the time was, started creating internal interoperability, sort of, seminars. He conducted a couple of seminars at Microsoft and invited people who were working on this issue to present, that actually helped us create more awareness in the Microsoft organization. And similar things happened at Sun although it was a little bit slower. Simon also started writing a book about interoperability and published in Microsoft press and we participated in that. And again, within a year or two, Sun wrote a book too and I think some of that added a large contribution to spreading the word.Other things that we’ve done over the years: we published articles and provided briefings and interviews to journalists and analysts and created sponsored content and these definitely have contributed but I think the real way people found out about us is they type in Java/.Net integration or Java/.Net procedure calls or Java/.Net interoperability into Google, and our name comes up high in that list both on our own website and in articles that have been written about the topic.We also used to exhibit trade shows and conferences but we don’t do that anymore because, you know, I think there’s not enough bang for the buck in doing that â€" we did get some good publicity but I think at this point we have the critical mass that we can do without that.Martin: Yes, great.ADVICE TO ENTREPRENEURS FROM WAYNE CITRINMartin: Wayne, you have st arted several companies and over the, let’s say, 10-15 years, what are your major learnings that you can share with other people interested in starting a company, especially the do’s and don’ts or failures that you’ve made?Wayne: The first thing that I would want to say is that: if you can, self-fund your company, if it all possible â€" raising money can become all-consuming. It’s much better to spend the time building and selling your product. And also taking money, in some ways, make you less agile, there’s certain otherwise viable opportunities that you might want to enter or engage in and they might be too small to please the investors, in some ways if you’re not answerable to investors that actually can help in starting your company.I mean there’s this one story I remember reading that was written by Paul Gram where he talked about this company that eventually became Yahoo stores, he said that when he heard that his competitor had taken a big investment, he knew that he had won because at that point his competitor was hamstrung and really couldn’t profitably engage in the kind of opportunities that Paul Gram’s company could because the competitor had to grow faster and he tried to engage in bigger opportunities.So what happens is that if you do sell fund, it will affect the kind of company that you can become because of course, your business model can’t be too infrastructure-intensive. Clearly, you know, if you wanted to build data centers or build out consumer hardware, things like that, you may need much more of an investment but for enterprise software that like what we’re engaging in, that was not the case.Use lots of cloud services, it’s another thing that self-funding will force you to do. Everything from your email to your VPNs.Don’t do it yourself if you can help it. Also, it forces you to stay lean for a long time; you don’t ramp up your staffing ahead of revenue unlike a company that takes up VC investment.Virtual o ffices. We run on a virtual office, I think that’s actually saved us a lot on in terms of worrying about real estate and being a tenant, our company is kind of scattered in various places, we let people arrange their own work environment and that worked just fine for us. But all these essentially add up to limiting your fixed cost, so I think that, but again self-funding is probably the most important decision that we made in starting up.Another thing that I think I’ve learned is that starting a company is more than a full-time job and you need to get used to that. You think this is obvious but I met a lot of people who think they can start a company on the side while they’re doing something else to pay the bills. In my experience, this really can’t be done at least not well â€" you get distracted, you work on, you know, what’s bringing you the money, and you know, things just don’t happen with a company you really don’t start-up so.When we started out, we thought that maybe we would with JNBridge, we thought that we would do what it takes. If there was consulting, we would do that, but it turned out that once we got the opportunity to do some consulting, not necessarily related to the product we were developing, we decided to turn it down because it was too much of a distraction â€" I think that was the right decision to make.If you need to hedge your bets, I think you should try to arrange this with your life partner or your spouse can provide financial support well while the company gets off the ground but I have to admit that we did not follow that advice ourselves â€" we put all our chickens in one basket and my wife is the co-founder and betted up in non-development aspects and I think that worked because we believed in what we were doing and we really felt that there was a good â€" a much better than even better chance to succeed.I also think that you really ought to know the field you’re working in, inside out and love working on it. Yo u don’t have to give a lot of time to get your product out the door, and you can’t spend it learning too much new stuff but when you are learning, you really have to enjoy learning. And when we started developing our first product in July of 2001 and I guess the alpha was available in December of 2001, January of 2002, data by March, 1.0 by June. You really have to be in a hurry which means you have to know what you’re doing and also means you have to focus and I guess that goes back to the idea of not being able to just do this on the side or â€" it has to be your focus and what you really want to do every morning.We’ve been doing this for almost 15 years, at this point, of course, we can enjoy life more than we had but even back then I think we were having a lot of fun but were really concentrated a huge amount on getting the company started.Martin: Great. Wayne, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge.Wayne: Well, thank you Martin.Martin: Welcome. If you’re thinkin g about optimizing your code interoperability, check out JNBridge.Wayne: Thanks.THANKS FOR LISTENING!Thanks so much for joining our 8th podcast episode!Have some feedback you’d like to share?  Leave  a note in the comment section below! If you enjoyed this episode, please  share  it using the social media buttons you see at the bottom of the post.Also,  please leave an honest review for The Cleverism Podcast on iTunes or on SoundCloud. Ratings and reviews  are  extremely  helpful  and greatly appreciated! They do matter in the rankings of the show, and we read each and every one of them.Special thanks  to Wayne for joining me this week. Until  next time!

Zara Case Study - 3306 Words

June 6, 2007 Zara Case Study Summary Zara is a clothing retail store for women, men and children, concentrating sixty percent of their effort to the women clothing market. Besides retailing, Zara also designs, produces, and ships their lines of clothing to their Zara stores. Zara s corporate concept is to offer fashionable, trendy, designs at a reasonable price. The key to their corporate success is to offer the latest trends and fashions before their competitors. They believe that they are in the fashion business, not the clothing business. As part of this corporate concept, the stores try to hold very low levels of inventory, often having their entire inventory out on display, in order to sell out and make room for the†¦show more content†¦In short, the portal solution will make Zara leaner, quicker, and more capable of meeting customers demand and continue to maintain their competitive advantage during time of expansion. The Portal Solution Zara employees seem to have a very good ability predicting the next big trend in fashion. The product market specialist and store manager spend a great deal of time communicating this tacit knowledge of what the next big seller item is going to be. Even some of the store employees are wearing Zara products indicating that too are aware of what will be the next fashion trend. It is through this tacit knowledge that Zara is capable to getting a jump on their competitors. This feeling or sense of what products will be in demand, and results from sales at a test store, Zara store managers and market specialist are able to spread the word to other stores. This is the type of knowledge that should be captured through the use of a portal. An employee blog could be established that would allow managers to report hot items that are selling quickly. Additionally, it could be used to communicate speculations that store mangers and employees regarding the fashion trends. 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Intelligence Is The Mental Potential - 983 Words

Creativity and Intelligence, they couldn’t be any more different from each other. But maybe, just maybe could they be related in a sense? Or what does one have to do with the other? That’s what I always wondered when it came to both. In class we learned that they do met at a certain point, but after that no such connection happens between them. Creativity is the ability to produce new and valuable ideas; while Intelligence is the mental potential to learn from experiences, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Intelligence certainly plays a role in creative thinking, but not to a full expectation. Your IQ is generally gauged by the ability to interpret information and find a solution, no matter what. For example in math and science, IQ is very important because it shows your ability to memorize concepts and repeat similar problems. If I was to tell you two plus two equals four, you should intelligently conclude four plus four equals twice the original number. Of course, Intelligence only gets you so far when it comes to creativity. To be creative, you must be able to pull existing knowledge into a new situation and quickly find potential outcomes. Being creative isn’t something you need a high IQ for. Steve Jobs once said â€Å"Creativity is just connecting things. When you ask creative people how they did something, they feel a little guilty because they didn’t really do it, they just saw something. It seemed obvious to them after a while. That’sShow MoreRelatedIntelligence Versus Education:The Effects Of Intelligence1254 Words   |  6 PagesIntelligence Versus Education: The Effects of Intelligence Test Scores on Student Learning Introduction: A common explanation of intelligence includes â€Å"the importance of learning from experience† and being able to â€Å"adapt to the environment.† Later the â€Å"importance of people’s understanding and control of their own thinking processes† was added along with the other two to attempt to measure intelligence itself (Williams, 1996). When measuring intelligence, there are two extreme sides that takeRead MoreAnalysis Of Howard Gardner s Theory Of Intelligence900 Words   |  4 PagesIntoduction It was previously believed that intelligence was a single thing that was inherited; and that human beings, initially a blank state, could be trained to learn anything, provided that it was presented in an appropriate way. 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Are Citalopram, Fluoxetine And Sertraline Effective...

Title: Are citalopram, fluoxetine and sertraline effective medications when treating Alzheimer’s patients. Author: Odalys Chavez Summary: This study will investigate and test how some medications can smooth the progressive advance of the Alzheimer in patients with more than 70 years. Alzheimer which is a degenerative disease of the neuro system due to memory loss is still being very questionable and debated. As of today there is no cure, nor reversal for the disease. Many researchers are still studding and looking for therapies and medication that can stop or reverse the development of the disease. It is very important to prove that some medications can help to cope with the disease. In my study I will be able to demonstrate†¦show more content†¦This decline occurs because nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain involved in cognitive function have been damaged and no longer function normally (. Depending on how deteriorate is the brain and its functions, it is the stage that the patient is in. Between the first and four years of develop the disease, the patient does not remember recent events or conversations. Following these frequent memory loss, it is a moderate or second stage that can last up to 10 years. In this stage the patient cannot longer cover up problems. Finally, there is the most severe stage, the last stage of the disease where the patient is confused about present and past. Due to people is affected by the disease in different ways; the symptoms are also different in each person. Also, it is different how people progress thru the different stages of the disease. It is extremely important to find ways to improve the symptoms of Alzheimer while researchers are trying to find the cure. Currently, there are many scientists conducting experiments and researches on how to cure or improve the symptoms of the disease. That is the main purpose of my research, to conduct an experiment to prove how some medications are very effective in smoothing the symptoms of the disease. Since there is not cure at this time for Alzheimer, it is crucial for patients, caregivers, and relatives, to have at least medications or therapies that can be effective with

Mahogany tree free essay sample

Plants are mostly damage by plant insects and it seems that in every plant or crops , there was always an insect. Among these are termites and ants. Even human can also be affected by those insects like the parasite lice. The researchers do this project to lessen and eliminate the pest and insects in our surrounding. This is safe to use because it is natural and environment friendly. Adelfa plant is an erect, smooth shrub, about 2-3 meters high with milky latex. Adelfa contains toxic called oleandrin and neriine which causes nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system disorders and experience the symptoms of low consciousness, trembling, pain and death. Mahogany is a large tropical tree with a symmetrical appearance, best-known for its valuable heartwood. A fast-growing, graceful, straight-trunked, semi-deciduous tree growing to 30-70ft. Most trees, particularly planted street trees grow to 30-40ft. It loses its leaves just as new leafs sprout, so while deciduous, the tree is not without leaves for long. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahogany tree or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tiny flowers are followed by four to five, woody fruits that burst open to expel the seeds. Isolation of chemical components from seeds of Mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla ) using different techniques showed high saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content. It was also reported to be positive for the presence of phospholipids, neutral lipids and glycolipids. Phosphatidylcholin is the most abundant. Other studies revealed the presence of tetranortriterpenoids specifically swietenoloids and swietenines ,diacetate resins and phenolic compounds. The leaves are known to be insecticidal ( several limonoids; seven phragmalin limonoids of swietephragmins ) and fruits contain triterpenoid-saponins, which could be pesticides but the only seed content. Statement of the Problem This study sought to answer the following questions: 1. Can Oleander (nerium indicum Mill) and Mahogany tree(swietenia macrophylla) eliminate insects like ants, lice, termites and ticks? 2. Is the propose insecticide safe to use? Is the propose insecticide can be a good substitute for chemical insecticide? Hypothesis 1. Oleander (nerium indicum Mill) (swietenia macrophylla) eliminate insects. 2. The propose insecticide safe to use. 3. The propose insecticide can be a good substitute for chemical insecticide. Significance of the Study The study was made to eliminate or minimize insects. In accordance with this, it can help to cure pediculosis among the children . Final product do not seen any side effects . It is environment friendly and good for health. Definition of Terms The following terms are defined operationally for better understanding of this study: Oleander – a smooth shrub with pink flower which combined to Mahogany tree as a potential source of organic insecticide Insecticide- a liquid extracted from oleander’s flower and mahogany tree that kills insects Decoction- a process in which the flower of oleander with water subjected to heat. Extracting- a process in which the mahogany seed pounded to get its toxins. Mahogany seeds- a white oval shape seed which pounded and combined to the oleander flower and mahogany leaves. According to the studies of Institution of Philippine medicinal Plants (2006),the bark of Nerium indicum Mill. Is an important source of botanical molluscicide and is an effective insecticide against Blatta oreintalis. Glycocides, steroids and terpinoids were also isolated from Nerium indicum. Adelfa contains toxic called oleandrin and neriiene which causes nervous system, digestive system, circulatory system disorders and experience the symptoms of low of consciousness, trembling, pain and death. Isolation of chemical components from seeds of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) using different techniques showed high saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content. It was also reported to be positive for the presence of phospholipids, neutral lipids and glycolipids. Phosphatidylcholin is the most abundant. Other studies revealed the presence of tetranortriterpenoids specifically swietenoloids and swietenines, diacetate resins and phenolic compounds. The terms diacetate resins and phenolic compounds are too vague to classify their activity. The leaves are known to be insecticidal (several limonoids; seven phragmalin limonoids of swietephragmins) and fruits contain triterpenoid-saponins, which could be pesticides but the only seed content. Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY The laboratory of our school which serve as the experimental area for this study is prepared for conducive learning and for performing experimentation. Laboratory apparatus like funnel, beaker, tripod, alcohol lamp, pan balance, wire gauze are available and dust free. The room was well ventilated. The tables and chairs are properly arranged. Preparation of Materials The researchers prepared the following materials as needed to this study: Erlenmeyer flask, wire gauze, match, 120 grams of adelfa flower, alcohol lamp, 40 ml of water for each 3 beakers, tripod, mortar and pestle, 15 seeds of mahogany tree, 15 pieces of mahogany leaves and cheese cloth as strainer. Preparation of Three(3) Setups For the first solution, weight 30 grams of adelfa flower and 5 leaves of mahogany then put it on the beaker with 40 ml. Of water. Next use the alcohol lamp to apply strong heat into the beaker. Let it boil for 20 minutes. While boiling, pound 5 pieces of mahogany seeds with the use of mortar and pestel. For the remaining 5 minutes put the extract seed to the solution. After 20 minutes, strain the mixture using the cheese cloth and put the liquid to Erlenmeyer flask. Let it cool and transfer it to the empty bottle. For the second solution with 40 grams of adelfa flower and third solution 60 grams, do the same step as the first solution.